Tagged: Social Activism

On Being Black And Unwanted At Elite Universities: A Reprise

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Friend of the site, blogger Aaron Talley, recently went in on the University of Chicago and other “elite” or historically predominantly white institutions collectively in a piece that really tore at my pysche and rattled my comfort cage as a Harvard graduate student. During a recent protest to urge the University hospital to start a trauma center after the death of a young man who was shot a few blocks from the hospital and died in transit to the nearest trauma center 10 miles away, the University police used aggressive force to subdue the mostly minority crowd and force them off of “private property.” Incidentally, a few of the students in the protest pay good money to traverse that “private property” every semester. Drawing out long standing tensions between the University and its South Side neighbors, the event becomes a microcosm for the pervasive inhospitable environment that most of these schools that find themselves—by virtue of cheap land acquisition at the time of their inception—the threshold enclave between scholarship and hardship.

In a recent casual discussion with the blogger, I asked him if he thought it was his obligation to empower the masses with the knowledge he’s accrued regarding the barriers and oppression that keep the white male power structure in place and how they marginalize the rest of us. In far more eloquent words than I can recite from memory, Talley said he must work to raise the collective consciousness because if we allow this “post-race” ideology to permeate a generation unchecked by the hard battles won in the past two centuries, we risk the loss of a generation of revolutionizing young activist and would allow the “business as usual” of oppression to resurge. As Rev. Al Sharpton put it, this generation is in battle with Jim Crow’s son, “James Crow Jr., Esquire” saying:

He’s a little more educated. He’s a little slicker. He’s a little more polished. But the results are the same. He doesn’t put you in the back of the bus. He just puts referendums on the ballot to end affirmative action where you can’t go to school. He doesn’t call you a racial name. He just marginalizes your existence. He doesn’t tell you that he’s set against you. He sets up institutional racism.”

So then I return to the incident at U. of Chicago and ask a revised question to the reader: Should it be the Universities responsibility to impart an awareness of “James Crow Jr., Esquire” to everyone that sets foot through its doors? Should not everyone understand what it is like to be black, marginalized and oppressed? Can’t an Introduction to Oppression 101 course be as ubiquitous as Freshman Orientation to give everyone at these “elite” universities a foundation to understand the student of color that is now auspiciously sitting next to them—you know, just a brief overview of the obstacles they’ve overcome to be sitting there? Let’s think about this as Talley elucidates his experience at his “elite” school:

As a Black male of color, I have to maintain the schizophrenic consciousness that I attend a university that will hurl me to the ground if I forget my place as a Black man at a predominately white institution. At this institution, and others similar to it, students of color have to walk with the constant awareness that they are walking aberrations. We are attempting to get educated at an institution that was not made for us, nor has any idea how to deal with us aside from dehumanization, patronization, and the willed denial of our social circumstances and realities. Some of the world’s top universities, which pride themselves on their intellectual inquiry and robust ways of thinking, exercise an immovable obtuseness when it comes to examining the role of race in their campus communities. The aforementioned incidents are not atypical, not accidents, nor are they an opportunity for facile meetings and conversations; they are emblematic of interweaving forces of racial oppression, and the inability of higher institutions to critically examine themselves to any meaningful degree.

In a way, this necessity to educate the masses on the new subtlety of oppression is a movement. I strongly believe that for every movement there has to be an antagonist—someone that comes across as the bad guy. Talley went on to quote James Baldwin when he said, “the paradox of education is precisely this — that as one begins to become conscious one begins to examine the society in which he is being educated.” Talley goes on to say that “Students of color have to be walking paradoxes at ‘elite’ universities.” I would go a step further and explain the situational paradox at these “elite” schools in that students of color must fight these institutions that often belie or contradict the omniscience they seek to portray to society; institutions that should, thus, be able to understand our civil liberties pursuits, our affirmative action desires, and, at minimum, a plea to open a trauma center near the need when there is access to financial resources. At once, in order to be the protagonist in these mythological tales of common sense battles, colored students must constantly play the role of antagonist and because the people at the top governing these institutions still tend to be white males, it would seem as though the battle is the same as our ancestors’.

There comes a point where we all need to ask ourselves “As long as my university’s administrative board [or my local community board, or my congress] doesn’t look like me, how can I trust that they will do right by me?” And as Ms. Celie condemningly said in the film, The Color Purple, “Until you do right by me, everything you even think about gonna fail.”

Read the full story at blackyouthproject.com

 

In pursuit of liberty

Black Christian Republicanism: How Liberia’s Ideological Origins Frame Their Homosexuality Debate Today

A Brief Look Back

To understand the “debate” around homosexuality in Liberia today, I must call your attention to a bit of privileged historical knowledge of Liberia’s relationship with media (in this case print media) and religion.

Monrovia, because of the conditions of its inception, had a number of newspapers that were started pretty early in the cities life. One of the earliest was the Liberia Herald, which began in 1826 by Charles Force, an American freed slave. He died some months later, but the title was revived in 1830 by Edward Blyden, the anti-colonial thinker and academic, who moved from the Caribbean island of St. Thomas to Liberia. This is important because it marked the beginning of an African press which was critical of the European presence in Africa [1].

The Maryland Colonization Journal was another American monthly journal published in Baltimore, Maryland that ran in two series from May 1835 to May 1841 and the New Series from June 1841 to 1861.

Oct 1841 Vol. of the Maryland Colonization Journal

The October 1841 volume cites the relationship between the 2,000 or so repatriates in the first couple of years in Liberia and the “Baltimore-American“ home base making provisions to export freed blacks, which were as many as 60,000 people at the time. The journal as a whole showcases three main themes: the first is the importance of establishing agricultural stability for the early colonizers; the second is incorporating a strong religious curriculum; and the third is proliferating science and other educational facilities.

One epic quote that really highlights some of these aspirations is a provocation to the state to allocate more attention to  agriculture in the colony:

It is the desire of the Maryland State Society to see agriculture made the object of primary importance-not only as placing the means of their own sustenance in the hands of the colonists, and rendering them independent of remote places or the native inhabitants for food; but because nine-tenths, if not a far greater proportion of the emigrants from this country would make better farmers than traders

…the emigrants, finding employment, in agricultural puruits, from the moment of their arrival, and occupied with healthful labour, would have their minds in the best state to receive and preserve those sentiments of religion and morality, which it was the wish of the state society should form the character of the population. It was believed, also, that an agricultural community, spreading itself to the interior, would not only present better examples to the surrounding heathen, whom it was designed to bring to Gospel light, but would afford greater facilities for a rapidly increasing emigration from this country, than could be afforded by trading towns, however prosperous they might be….” (p. 66)

The tone of this quote really shows the invisible hand of the American Colonization Society at work. The writer seems to be pleadingly making the case for agricultural investment and ever so delicately steering the argument towards what appeared in the journal to be a preconceived mantra of maintaining, within this new colony, a sense of holiness and morality; a mantra that Congress – providing $200,000 a year for the colony – had defined.

Another portion of the journal, written by Jabez A. Burton, accounts the Liberian Mission Conference Seminary’s efforts to establish schools and an observatory at the seminary building at Cape Mesurado. Burton states, “we are doing all we can to spread the light of science in company with ‘Spiritual holiness, over these lands.’” (p. 76)

This point of the undertone of religious enlightenment being coupled with development and financial investment is one that speaks to this notion of Black Christian Republicanism as elucidated by Carl Patrick Burrowes [2]. I’ll have to come back this in a later post but keep that in mind as we enter this discussion on homosexuality in Liberia.

Anti-Gay Sentiments Across Africa Today

In keeping in this question of the foundations of religion in Liberia, I want to call your attention to the a video I watched this weekend about a Kenyan man, David Kuria, who happens to be a gay activist and is running for Senate.

OUT RUN – David Kuria character sketch Feb 2012 from Leo Chiang on Vimeo.

Kuria is running even though homosexuality is criminalized in Kenya. The video captures interviews of people off the street responding to the legitimacy of homosexuality in Kenya, a place where homosexuality is punishable by up to 14 years of imprisonment. Multiple people cite it as immoral and one mans account cites a divergence from sanctity stating, “If we can know what is causing them to be on the other side than we can bring them to Christ.”

Anti-Gay Sentiments in Monrovia Today

Homosexuality is not part of our existence as a people…We have never been like that.   -Fox News

This quote comes from Rep. Clarence Massaquoi of the Liberian Senate, front-runner for two new bills being considered to jail homosexuals in Liberia.

The assertive nature of the quote makes me question what Massaquoi believes the Liberian people to be. I’m interested in the legitimacy of the assertion, considering the complex story of the repatriation of Monrovia. Because the story of Monrovia is comprised of such a tenuous agglomeration of the Americo-Liberians and tribal natives, it is worth questioning where the African-American story in Monrovia ends and where the Liberian story begins. This type of interrogation into the degree to which Western culture has penetrated or, dare I say, defined Liberian culture would really help to frame the discussion around homosexuality in Liberia today; and I’ll tell you why.

I draw your attention back to the point made earlier of the Maryland Colonization Journal and how the mantra of holiness and morality was coupled with development and financial investment. Consider now that recently, President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced a government-wide policy to push for the decriminalization of homosexuality overseas. Also consider that Liberia receives $200 million annually from the US government. The Fox article states:

Liberian media outlets have consistently reported that the policy calls for the revocation of foreign assistance in countries that don’t guarantee gay rights, despite assurances from U.S. officials to the contrary.  -Fox News

Could you imagine the backlash that would be incited against the homosexual underground in Liberia if the population was convinced that the U.S. gave Liberia an ultimatum to decriminalize homosexuality? The U.S. knows this.

So here is what I’m saying. It can be said that same Black Christian Republican mantra that was imported from Maryland and was readily on the tongues of Americo-Liberians in the past to be coupled with development and allocation of funds for investment, is still present today and used by Liberian media and politians to legitimize the criminalizing of homosexuality. The Fox article states:

The U.S. Embassy in Monrovia has remained silent on the issue, even as gay rights campaigners have come under attack.

In an interview last week, outgoing U.S. Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield said she was concerned that further comment from the Embassy might only inflame anti-gay sentiment, especially in light of “occasionally irresponsible” reporting by local media.

“I can’t be guaranteed that a public statement that we give will be put out in the way that we want the statement put out,” she said.  -Fox News

Although Massaquoi confirmed that he had met privately with U.S. officials who stressed that foreign assistance to Liberia would not be conditional on gay rights, the U.S. is short on words and, it would seem, actions to counter Massaquoi’s bill because they must tread lightly for fear of the mutated, re-purposed ghost of its own outdated exported ideologies of “holiness” and “morality.”

Irony much? I’ll continue to follow this story in the weeks and months to come. It’s too tragically comedic not to.

Other Resources

[1]http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/13chapter7.shtml

[2] Burrowes, Carl Patrick. ”Black Christian Republicanism: A Southern Ideology in Early Liberia, 1822 to 1847″ The Journal of Negro History Vol. 86, No. 1 (Winter, 2001), pp. 30-44. Published by: Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1350177

Akpan, M. B. “Liberia and the Universal Negro Improvement Association: The Background to the Abortion of Garvey’s Scheme for African Colonization” The Journal of African History , Vol. 14, No. 1 (1973), pp. 105-127 Published by: Cambridge University Press Article. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/180779

African Development Conference flier_small

3rd Annual Harvard African Development Conference

Former Governor of the South African Reserve Bank, Tito Mboweni, will be the keynote speaker at this years Harvard Africa Conference

It’s coming. The 3rd Annual Harvard African Development Conference, the only Africa-related conference that is organized by all the schools of Harvard University.  This year’s theme is Rethinking Development in Africa: From Strategy to Implementation.  The conference will feature the latest information on an emerging continent. The keynote speaker this year is Tito Mboweni, former Governor of the South African Reserve Bank.  Find out more and register here.

Wouldn’t it be great if there was a group of Africans somewhere  in Africa speculating the future of the United States. “1st Annual Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology United States Technological Development Conference.” Just putting it out there.

 

Top 3 Harvard GSD Courses with Social Agendas for Spring 2012

In the past few years, under the new dean, Mohsen Mostafavi, the GSD has seen some pretty progressive steps towards responding to the growing interest in the public sector and urbanized development in the third world. Catching up to the other Harvard schools such HBS, HKS, and HLS, I’m seeing more and more courses offered to set the stage for discussions of issues of class, race, and gender in developing countries.

Here are a few course descriptions of courses I found interesting today at the course presentations.


01508: Extreme Urbanisms II: Speculations and Alternative Futures for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region | Rahul Mehrotra, Gareth Doherty

The studio will engage with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) as its site for enquiry, research, and design propositions. The pedagogical thrust of the studio is to explore the potential for urban design and planning as well as landscape, architecture, and real estate as instruments for spatial imaginations at the metropolitan scale. This studio will be the first of a three-year thematic exploration of the Mumbai region which will range from looking at infrastructure and ecology, to questions of housing, urban systems and form. The studio will have both research and design components that will focus on a menu of predetermined questions with regional implications. Project formulation will be an important component of the studio. The studio will explore issues of extreme urbanism in the form of social, cultural, and economic disparities and how these manifest themselves in the MMR. Social interactions, public space and the broader issue of how design and planning can facilitate new imaginations for the metropolitan region will be central to the discussions. The intent will be to evolve new understandings of the contemporary potential of the MMR and to position urban design and planning as well as landscape, architecture, and real estate as instruments for a broader strategy plan that is more nuanced in terms of the ecologies that it recognizes and socially inclusive in its propositionary dimension. The studio is open to all departments at the GSD, and will collaborate with the Loeb Fellowship and MDesS programs as well as students and faculty from Harvard Business School, Harvard Kennedy School, and Harvard Law School. Continue reading